நவரசம்

The sentiments are termed by the Hindus, as Rasas, Tastes or flavours. The Rasas however are considered usually as effects, not causes, and they are said to come from the Bhavas, conditions of mind or body which are followed by a corresponding expression in those who feel, or are supposed to feel them, and a corresponding impression on those who behold them.

The Bhavas are therefor divided into Sthayi or lasting, and Vyabhichari transitory or incidental.

The Sthayi Bhavas, or permanent conditions, are according to some authorities, eight - according to others nine.

1. Rati is desire for any object arising from seeing or hearing it or having it present to the recollection.

2. Hasa is laughter or mirth distinct from the laughter of scorn.

3. Soka is sorrow at separation from the beloved object.

4. Krodha is the resentment of injurious treatment.

5. Utsaha is high mindedness, or that feeling which prompts valour, munificence, or mercy.

6. Bhaya is the fear of reproach.

7. Jugapsa is aversion or disgust, the emotion, which attends seeing, touching, or hearing of any thing offensive.

8. Vismaya is the emotion produced by seeing, touching, or hearing of any thing surprising.

9. Santha is not always included in this enumeration: it implies that state of mind, which contemplates all human events as transitory and insignificant.

(Excerpts from "Select Specimens of the Theatre of the Hindus, Translated from the Original Sanscsrit. by Horace Hayman Wilson, Esq. in 1827)